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The first government of communist parties following the principles of Karl Marx was formed in Kerala in 1957. With today's results, there is no communist government left in India. The influence of Karl Marx in India is not at all what it used to be. Many social, economic and political reasons are believed to be behind this. The society here does not run only on the basis of rich versus poor. The politics of caste, religion, language and regional identity were influential in the country, hence the pure Marxist model of class struggle did not fit completely.

Many people believe that the Indian Communist Party could not change itself fast enough according to the changing economy and aspirations of the new generation. The change of power in states like West Bengal and Tripura after a long Left rule clearly proved how much the Left's support base has declined. Now the condition of Kerala's vote counting data is in front of everyone.

The Communist Manifesto of Karl Marx and Frederick Engels may have come in 1848, but the first communist political system was established in Russia. The Bolshevik Revolution of November 7, 1917 overthrew the Russian monarchy and brought the Communists to power. The government was formed under the leadership of Vladimir Ilyich Lenin, General Secretary of the Russian Communist Party. The last Tsar, Nicholas II, was deposed. But the Russian Revolution was more a revolution by the intellectuals than the revolution of the peasants and workers. In which the role was of publicity.

After the change of power in Russia, Lenin allegedly decided to remain neutral towards wars, but in practice the Russian regime took the whole of Eastern Europe under its control. Finally, on March 30, 1922, a common platform of Russia, Ukraine, Belarus and Transcaucasian countries was formed, which was called the Soviet Union. This union of 15 countries was called USSR.

Karl Marx.

Russian revolution ended in just 70 years

The culture of all these countries was not shared, nor was the Russian Communist Party able to separate itself from the world relations of that time. Despite severe conflict with American policies, Russia (the Soviet Union) participated fully in World War II. The result was that during the Cold War, the entire emphasis of Russia (USSR) was on making weapons, collecting them and selling them.

The Soviet Union was America's rival strategically but failed miserably on the economic front. On the other hand, America kept entangling it in diplomacy. The biggest failure of Soviet diplomacy was in Afghanistan. His policy always failed in Central Asia. Ultimately, by 1991, the Soviet Union disintegrated. This country of communists could not even complete the age of 70 years. When the Soviet Union broke up, he was in need of every little thing.

China's emphasis on production and trade

In contrast, China got independence from capitalism on October 1, 1949. Under the leadership of Mao Zedong, China carried out a proletarian revolution and on this date the People's Republic of China (PRC) was proclaimed. But China took a lesson from the Soviet Union. Instead of running a program to collect weapons in China, he emphasized on self-reliance in manufacturing everything from small items to heavy machinery. The result of this is that today China is producing every commodity and has made the capitalist countries its market. First of all, he controlled the increasing population of his country and worked effectively on production.

China adopted communist thinking contrary to Marx.

After the disintegration of the Soviet Union, when big companies around the world started disinvestment in the Third World in search of cheap laborers, China provided cheap labor for these companies. He also created supporting materials for the products of these companies.

China is a market for cheap products

As a result, today whether it is a product of an American company or of Germany, France or UK, its assembly work is done in China. Apart from this, it sent its youth to study in universities of advanced countries like USA, UK etc. and then called them back. China got the benefit of the technical knowledge of these youth. This is the reason that today in the era of AI, China is producing every useful item starting from robots. Its products are cheap and because of this, even the advanced countries of the world import consumer goods from China.

China's communism may be different from Marx's interpretation of equality but it does have the spirit of public welfare. Inequality is very high in Chinese society, there is also corruption, but due to abundance of production, people there have got jobs. Therefore, China's communist rule remains permanent.

China remains a challenge to capitalist countries in terms of trade.

China gave its communist philosophy contrary to Marx

Today it is competing with America in prosperity. Also in technology and infrastructure. If America is facing any threat in trade then it is from China. In this way, Communist China remains a challenge to the capitalist countries in terms of trade. It has less nuclear bombs than Russia and America, but it is now also manufacturing weapons and it also has a market available for export.

Russia's campaign to communistize the world has failed; it is financially broke. This is a different matter, the communist elite of Russia is very rich but it is neither able to provide jobs to its people nor things according to their needs. The reason for this fundamental difference is that the intellectual class behind the Russian Revolution was the one who was sitting in their rooms dreaming of communism. Whereas in China, Mao Zedong had gathered farmers and laborers and fought a guerrilla war.

The Communist Manifesto turned everything upside down

But we should also look at the history of communism. In the year 1848, a philosophy was established which overturned the history, literature and philosophy of thousands of years before it. A new form of Plato's initiation of public welfare state was put forward. This was the first incident of the state in the history of human life and shocked everyone including the elite and the slave class. French philosopher Karl Marx and German thinker and capitalist Frederick Engels released The Communist Manifesto.

This manifesto envisioned a state in the history of human life in which the elite and the slave would all be equal. Everyone will have equal rights and there will be equal distribution of property. The state will bring this equality on the basis of its power. This was a miraculous manifesto and such equality had never been imagined before. Karl Marx and Frederick Engels changed the world by bringing this theory of class struggle.

concept of class struggle

This philosophy was so attractive that within no time the thrones of kings, emperors and maharajas of Europe, America, Africa and Asia started shaking. Till now the existence of different classes within the society was accepted but not the continuous conflict going on within them. The goal of sharpening the edge of this struggle and abolishing private property and establishing a classless, stateless society seemed imaginary. But in the middle of the 19th century, a distance was forming between the elite (ruling class) and slavery (slaves or worker-peasants).

The principle of equality began to sprout with the French Revolution (1789). Angered by the atrocities of the autocratic King Louis XVI of France, the common people laid the foundation of equality, liberty and fraternity. This state revolution of France lasted from 1789 to 1799.

Beginning with the French Revolution

During this period of turmoil, the rule of the Louis dynasty ended, but taking advantage of the opportunity, Napoleon Bonaparte's dictatorship began on 17 May 1804. He remained Emperor of France until 6 April 1814. After this, he again became the Emperor of France from 20 March 1815 to 22 June 1815. During this period, he expanded his empire and also sold some part to America. He lost his empire by making the mistake of going to war with Russia. Napoleon of Italian origin was one of the great rulers of the 19th century. With the fall of Napoleon, the era of emperors began to end and the republican system began to flourish in Europe. In America, the republic was established only in the second half of the 18th century and public representatives started being elected. There was no king, emperor or emperor even by name. Parliament had come to Britain but the elected Prime Minister took consent for every order from the King.

system after the industrial revolution

In such republics and republics, the elite was not directly ruling but owned real estate. There were agricultural lands. A new capitalist class was emerging to challenge this elite. The idea of ​​this capitalist was not to buy real estate by accumulating capital but to earn profit by investing the capital in the market and then invest the capital in the market again. The aim of this class was to maintain control over capital.

The means of production were changing. Now markets were being searched for business growth. The capitalist was buying the ruler so that even if he did not take any direct part in governance, the governance would be run in favor of his business. This new capitalist class was taking over industrially backward countries all over the world. He needed cheap and hired laborers for production. Raw material was needed. It focused agricultural countries on growing crops suitable for trade instead of growing food grains. Started growing indigo and cotton crops forcibly. This was the beginning of contract farming.

Karl Marx studied law but was very politically conscious.

Karl Marx came as a traitor

In this type of farming, the farmer could not grow crops as per his wish and needs. Rather, he would grow only those crops which were needed for business. Because of this there was panic all over the world. Farmers started becoming landless. There was a shortage of food. People started dying due to famine and starvation and infectious diseases. In this way industries got cheap labourers. But voice is also raised against every exploitation.

Revolts started taking place in the countries ruled by these capitalist countries. The result of this was the Communist Manifesto. Today is the birthday of the philosopher Karl Marx who prepared it. Karl Marx, born on May 5, 1818, created consciousness in this rebellion and explained it. The expression of this is the Communist Manifesto. Karl Marx was born in a Jewish family in Trier, Rhine province of Germany. Six years after his birth, his family became Christians.

Study of law and philosophy of communism

Karl Marx studied law but was very politically conscious. He studied the society of the countries where colonies were being formed around the world at that time and understood the dissatisfaction. Especially in the context of India, he also exposed the atrocities of the East India Company. He studied the Indian independence struggle in 1857 in depth. He also wrote articles on this movement and also raised precise questions. He was supported by a capitalist, Frederick Engels. Russia and China implemented his principles of communism. Communist movements started all over the world and communist parties were formed. It is interesting that an elected government in a capitalist republic was formed in the Indian state of Kerala in 1957. After this, there was a communist government in one or the other Indian state. But on May 4, 2026, communist governments were eliminated from India.

Shambhunath Shukla

Journalist by profession. Political analyst. He was the editor of several editions of some big newspapers of the country.

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