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Menstruation i.e. periods is a normal and natural process of every woman's healthy body and reproductive system. During this bleeding cycle that occurs every month, many physical and hormonal changes occur in the body. However, many times women ignore some uncomfortable problems that occur during periods, considering them normal. Thick clots coming out of period blood and a strong or rotten smell are two such problems, which are not only the result of poor hygiene, but can also be an early sign of some serious internal disease developing in the body. If these symptoms are not taken care of in time, they can later lead to infertility or major complications to the uterus. 5 main reasons for blood clots and bad smell during periods: It is considered normal to have small clots (as small as coins) occasionally during periods, but if their size is large and there is also a foul smell, then there can be many medical reasons behind it: Bacterial vaginosis and vaginal infection: If the period blood has a strong fishy odor or rot-like smell, then it is most likely due to: The major reason could be Bacterial Vaginosis or yeast infection. This happens when the balance of good and bad bacteria in the vagina gets disturbed. Uterine Fibroids: Non-cancerous tumors or lumps (fibroids) that form in the walls of the uterus are the main cause of excessive bleeding and large blood clots. When this clot remains in the uterus for a long time, it comes in contact with bacteria and starts smelling. Hormonal imbalance (PCOS/PCOD): Due to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone hormones, the inner layer of the uterus (endometrium) becomes very thick. When this layer falls off, heavy bleeding occurs and large clots form. Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): This is a serious bacterial infection of the female reproductive organs. In case of PID, unbearable pain, smelly discharge and large clots start appearing in the lower abdomen during periods. Endometriosis: When tissue lining the uterus grows outside the uterus (such as on the fallopian tubes or ovaries), it causes severe pain, heavy flow, and clots. How to differentiate between normal and abnormal clots? It is very important for every woman to understand which clots are normal and which are dangerous. When period flow is very heavy, the natural anti-coagulants (blood thinners) present in the body are not able to do their full work, due to which the blood starts clotting and small clots come out. If the size of the clots is smaller than a Re 1 coin, their color is dark red or maroon and they occur only on days of heavy flow (like the first or second day), this is normal. But, if the clots are the size of a golf ball or a lemon, their color is very dark or black, and they are occurring continuously on all days of the period, then it is an abnormal condition. Along with this, if you have to change pads every 1-2 hours, then it is called 'Menorrhagia' in medical language. In such a situation, a gynecologist should be contacted immediately. Causes of strong odor during periods and hygiene mistakes: It is natural for period blood to have a slight odor of iron and tissues, but when this odor becomes very strong and unbearable, it indicates infection. Poor personal hygiene is also a major reason for this. Many women keep the same sanitary pad in place for 8 to 10 hours. The sweat and blood deposited on the pad becomes the biggest breeding ground for bacteria, which causes a strong foul smell. Apart from this, repeatedly washing the inner part of the vagina with harsh soap or chemical-rich intimate wash is also harmful. Due to this, the natural pH level of the vagina gets disturbed, due to which the bacteria causing infection grow rapidly. Not changing tampons or pads at the right time and wearing damp undergarments without drying them are also the main causes of foul smell and clots. To avoid these serious problems, follow these 5 hygiene rules. Change the pad every 4-6 hours: Even if the flow is light, change the sanitary pad or tampon every 4 to 6 hours. If you are using a menstrual cup, then empty it after 8-12 hours and clean it thoroughly. Use only plain water: Use only lukewarm or plain water to clean private parts. Avoid any strongly scented soap or chemical wash. Wear cotton and breathable undergarments: Wear cotton underwear instead of synthetic clothes so that the skin can breathe and sweat does not accumulate. Right diet and plenty of water: Keep yourself hydrated during periods. Drinking enough water flushes out toxins and reduces the risk of infection. Include Vitamin C, anti-oxidants and probiotics (like curd) in your diet. Keep the intimate area dry: After using the washroom, always clean from front to back and keep the area completely dry so that bacteria do not grow. When is it necessary to immediately visit a gynecologist? If you notice any of the following symptoms along with blood clots and bad odor during your periods, consult a doctor without any delay: Clots larger than 1-2 inches in size and need to change pads every hour. Persistent smelly vaginal discharge even after the period cycle ends. Severe and unbearable pain in the lower abdominal or pelvic area. Periods are accompanied by high fever, chills or dizziness. Periods lasting more than 7 to 8 days. Menstruation is a mirror of women's overall health. Hiding any abnormal changes in periods due to shyness or hesitation can be dangerous for your health. Large blood clots and strong odor are warning signs given by the body. By getting proper medical checkup, ultrasound and proper hygiene routine on time, you can remain completely safe from serious diseases to uterus and infection.