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The very mention of cancer strikes fear into our hearts. But not every cancer is serious from the outset. Stage 0 cancer, medically known as carcinoma in situ (CIS), is a very early stage of cancer. In this stage, abnormal changes occur in some of the body's cells. However, these cells remain confined to the area where they originated.

According to experts, although this stage isn't considered a fully malignant cancer, it is an early, or pre-cancerous, stage of cancer. Because these abnormal cells can progress to cancer if left untreated, it's crucial to identify this condition early and seek appropriate treatment.

What is stage 0 cancer?
In stage 0 cancer, the cells appear cancerous under a microscope. However, they are confined to the area where they formed. They haven't spread to surrounding tissue. The condition varies depending on the part of the body where it occurs. According to research published in the US National Institutes of Health (NIH), these types include:

Adenocarcinoma in situ – can be found in the cervix, lungs, or digestive tract.

Ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) – can be found in the milk ducts in the breast.

Squamous cell carcinoma in situ – can occur in the skin, mouth, or larynx.

What are the early signs of stage 0 cancer?

Sometimes, stage 0 cancer doesn't show any obvious symptoms. Especially if the changes are internal, it may go undetected. However, some signs may appear on the skin, mouth, or other easily visible areas.

Skin changes:
Long-lasting red spots may appear on the skin. In some areas, a lump may form on the skin that appears smooth, shiny, or pearly. Early symptoms may include sores that don't heal, frequent itching, or persistent peeling of the skin. These changes may be especially noticeable in areas exposed to sunlight, such as the face, neck, and hands.

Changes in the mouth:
White or red patches inside the mouth that don't come off easily with scrubbing. These should not be ignored. Thick or rough patches on the lips, gum, or tongue, and persistent pain or burning in the mouth can also be early symptoms.

Breast changes called
ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) or lobular carcinoma in situ (LCIS) are often found during a routine mammogram. Initially, there are no symptoms. However, some women may feel a lump in the breast or notice discharge from the nipple.

Cervical changes
Abnormal changes in the cervix are often detected during a Pap smear or HPV test. In the early stages, there are no obvious symptoms. This condition is called cervical carcinoma in situ (CIN). Changes occur in the cells of the cervix, but they haven't spread to surrounding tissue.

PC: Saamtv