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The West Bengal Assembly election results have delivered a major setback to Mamata Banerjee and the TMC, with the BJP securing a sweeping mandate of 207 seats. Banerjee’s defeat in Bhabanipur to Suvendu Adhikari has added to the political shock. While the electorate’s verdict is final in a democracy, questions arise over what happens if a sitting Chief Minister refuses to step down. The Indian Constitution empowers the Governor with specific authority to address such a situation.

Power Shift

The results have dramatically altered West Bengal’s political landscape. The BJP has crossed the majority mark comfortably, while the TMC has been reduced to around 80 seats, marking a steep decline from its previous tally. Banerjee’s loss in her own stronghold underscores the scale of the electoral reversal and signals a clear shift in public mandate.

Governor’s Authority

Under Article 164 of the Constitution, the Chief Minister holds office at the pleasure of the Governor. If a Chief Minister loses the election or no longer commands a majority yet refuses to resign, the Governor has the authority to dismiss them. A formal order can be issued to remove the incumbent government, ensuring that constitutional norms are upheld.

Floor Test Route

In line with established conventions, the Governor may also call a special session of the Assembly to test the government’s majority. Given the current numbers, it would be impossible for Banerjee to prove majority support. Failure in such a floor test would compel the Chief Minister to step down.

Mamata Refuses To Step Down, Says ‘There Is No Question Of My Resignation’

Last Resort

If a constitutional deadlock persists, it may be treated as a breakdown of constitutional machinery. In such cases, the Governor can recommend President’s Rule under Article 356. Once imposed, governance shifts to the Centre, effectively ending the Chief Minister’s authority.